Countries that have the largest foreign-currency reserves, including gold, special drawing rights (SDRs) and International Monetary Fund (IMF) reserve position
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Foreign-exchange reserves (also called Forex reserves) are, in a strict sense, only the foreign-currency deposits held by national central banks and monetary authorities (See List of countries by foreign-exchange reserves (excluding gold)). However, in popular usage and in the list below, it also includes gold reserves, special drawing rights(SDRs) and International Monetary Fund (IMF) reserve position because this total figure, which is usually more accurately termed as official reserves or international reserves or official international reserves, is more readily available.
These foreign-currency deposits are the financial assets of the central banks and monetary authorities that are held in different reserve currencies (e.g. the U.S. dollar, the Euro, the Yen and the Pound sterling) and which are used to back its liabilities (e.g. the local currency issued and the various bank reserves deposited with the central bank by thegovernment or financial institutions). Before the end of the gold standard, gold was the preferred reserve currency. Some nations are converting foreign-exchange reserves intosovereign wealth funds, which can rival foreign-exchange reserves in size.
The list below is mostly based on the latest available IMF data and includes both sovereign states and non-sovereign territories (such as Hong Kong and Macau, which are under the sovereignty of the People’s Republic of China). While most nations report in U.S. dollars, a few nations in Eastern Europe report solely in Euros. And since all the figures below are in U.S. dollar equivalence, exchange rate fluctuations can have a significant impact on these figures.
For consistency, forward currency swap contracts are not included in this list until they mature; figures that include them may be higher or lower than those listed here. IMF or other outstanding loans are also not shown here; if they were accounted for, many nations would list lower.
Rank |
Country/monetary authority |
Foreign exchange reserves
(Millions of US$) |
Figures as of
|
1 |
People’s Republic of China |
3,726,004 |
Sep 2013 |
2 |
Japan |
1,279,346 |
Mar 2014 |
|
Eurozone |
771,789 |
Jan 2014 |
3 |
Saudi Arabia |
725,685 |
Feb 2014 |
4 |
Switzerland |
543,758 |
Feb 2014 |
5 |
Russia |
493,326 |
Feb 2014 |
6 |
Taiwan |
423,059 |
Feb 2014 |
7 |
Brazil |
363,914 |
Mar 2014 |
8 |
Republic of Korea |
351,792 |
Feb 2014 |
9 |
Hong Kong |
315,919 |
Feb 2014 |
10 |
India |
311,858 |
May 2014 |
11 |
Singapore |
272,906 |
Mar 2014 |
12 |
Germany |
210,554 |
Feb 2014 |
13 |
Algeria |
192,500 |
Dec 2013 |
14 |
Mexico |
185,467 |
Mar 2014 |
15 |
Thailand |
168,081 |
Feb 2014 |
16 |
France |
159,761 |
Feb 2014 |
17 |
Italy |
149,685 |
Jan 2014 |
18 |
United States |
144,355 |
Apr 2014 |
19 |
United Kingdom |
141,103 |
Mar 2014 |
20 |
Malaysia |
130,604 |
Feb 2014 |
21 |
Turkey |
126,051 |
Mar 2014 |
22 |
Libya |
120,900 |
Dec 2013 |
23 |
Poland |
104,407 |
Feb 2014 |
24 |
Indonesia |
102,741 |
Feb 2014 |
25 |
Denmark |
87,864 |
Feb 2014 |
26 |
Israel |
85,570 |
March 2014 |
27 |
Philippines |
80,540 |
Feb 2014 |
28 |
Canada |
76,450 |
Mar 2014 |
29 |
Iraq |
71,240 |
Dec 2013 |
30 |
Iran |
68,060 |
Dec 2013 |
31 |
Sweden |
66,152 |
Feb 2014 |
32 |
Peru |
65,229 |
Feb 2014 |
33 |
Norway |
61,643 |
Feb 2014 |
34 |
United Arab Emirates |
58,040 |
Dec 2013 |
35 |
Czech Republic |
57,037 |
Feb 2014 |
36 |
Lebanon |
51,950 |
Dec 2013 |
37 |
South Africa |
50,137 |
Feb 2014 |
38 |
Spain |
47,575 |
Feb 2014 |
39 |
Romania |
47,444 |
Mar 2014 |
40 |
Netherlands |
47,427 |
Mar 2014 |
41 |
Hungary |
46,671 |
Feb 2014 |
42 |
Australia |
46,351 |
Feb 2014 |
43 |
Colombia |
43,549 |
Feb 2014 |
44 |
Chile |
40,970 |
Mar 2014 |
45 |
Qatar |
40,199 |
Feb 2014 |
46 |
Nigeria |
39,001 |
Mar 2014 |
47 |
Angola |
37,940 |
Dec 2013 |
48 |
Kuwait |
34,350 |
Dec 2013 |
49 |
Vietnam |
32,490 |
Dec 2013 |
50 |
Belgium |
27,873 |
Feb 2014 |
51 |
Argentina |
27,007 |
Mar 2014 |
52 |
Kazakhstan |
26,117 |
Feb 2014 |
53 |
Austria |
24,548 |
Feb 2014 |
54 |
Venezuela |
21,150 |
Dec 2013 |
55 |
Bangladesh |
20,003 |
Apr 2014 |
56 |
Portugal |
19,449 |
Feb 2014 |
57 |
Bulgaria |
18,770 |
Feb 2014 |
58 |
Morocco |
18,317 |
Nov 2013 |
59 |
New Zealand |
18,263 |
Feb 2014 |
60 |
Egypt |
16,654 |
Jan 2014 |
61 |
Croatia |
16,619 |
Mar 2014 |
62 |
Uruguay |
16,497 |
Mar 2014 |
63 |
Serbia |
15,870 |
Dec 2013 |
64 |
Macau |
15,468 |
Feb 2014 |
65 |
Ukraine |
15,462 |
Feb 2014 |
66 |
Bolivia |
14,460 |
Dec 2013 |
67 |
Jordan |
14,242 |
Feb 2014 |
68 |
Azerbaijan |
13,080 |
Dec 2013 |
69 |
Finland |
11,381 |
Feb 2014 |
70 |
Trinidad and Tobago |
10,070 |
Dec 2013 |
71 |
Pakistan |
9,321 |
Mar 2014 |
72 |
Lithuania |
7,609 |
Mar 2014 |
73 |
Greece |
7,524 |
Mar 2014 |
74 |
Guatemala |
7,161 |
Jan 2014 |
75 |
Costa Rica |
6,786 |
Mar 2014 |
76 |
Sri Lanka |
6,452 |
Dec 2013 |
77 |
Paraguay |
6,336 |
Dec 2013 |
78 |
Belarus |
6,144 |
Feb 2014 |
79 |
Cambodia |
5,415 |
Dec 2013 |
80 |
Iceland |
4,405 |
Feb 2014 |
81 |
Dominican Republic |
4,379 |
Dec 2013 |
82 |
Nepal |
4,339 |
Dec 2013 |
83 |
Mauritius |
3,663 |
Feb 2014 |
84 |
Latvia |
3,527 |
Feb 2014 |
85 |
El Salvador |
3,020 |
Feb 2014 |
86 |
Honduras |
2,956 |
Feb 2014 |
87 |
Georgia |
2,626 |
Feb 2014 |
88 |
Moldova |
2,488 |
Feb 2014 |
89 |
Mongolia |
2,446 |
Jan 2014 |
90 |
Slovakia |
2,299 |
Feb 2014 |
91 |
Kyrgyzstan |
2,061 |
Feb 2014 |
92 |
Armenia |
2,014 |
Feb 2014 |
93 |
Nicaragua |
1,968 |
Feb 2014 |
94 |
Ireland |
1,658 |
Mar 2014 |
95 |
Slovenia |
1,191 |
Feb 2014 |
96 |
Luxembourg |
970 |
Feb 2014 |
97 |
Cyprus |
920 |
Feb 2014 |
98 |
Laos |
846 |
Dec 2013 |
99 |
Malta |
670 |
Feb 2014 |
100 |
Estonia |
395 |
Feb 2014 |
Published - May 2014
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